Older people whose cholesterol readings show big changes from one year to the next may be at an increased risk of cognitive problems as they age, including dementia.

For older adults watching their cholesterol, maintaining steady levels might be just as important as keeping them low, according to new research. A preliminary study set to be presented at this year’s American Heart Association Scientific Sessions reveals that significant year-to-year swings in cholesterol levels could be an early warning sign of impending cognitive decline or dementia.